Pronunciation
Short Vowels
a [a] -like in “hat”
e [e] -like in “they”
i [i] -“ee” in “free”
o [o] -like in “hot”
u [u] -like “oo” in “hoot”
Long Vowels
á [aː] all of these are twice as long as the short vowels
é [eː]
í [iː]
ó [oː]
ú [uː]
Double Vowels (Diphthongs)
aw [aw] -like “ow” in cow
ay [aj] -pronounced like I
ey [ej] -almost exactly like in “they”
oy [oj] -like “oy” in “boy”
Consonants
b [b] -like in “but”
c [k] -like “cat” always hard
d [d̪] -like in “dog” but from the teeth like in Spanish
f [f] -like in “fire”
g [g] -like in “got”
h [h] -like in “hard”
j [d͡ʒ] -like in “jug”
l [l] -like in “lug”
m [m] -like in “mat”
n [n̪] -like in “name” but from the teeth
ŋ [ŋ] -like “ng” in “wing”
q [q] -similar to [k] but more guttural
r [r] -always rolled
s [s] -like in “sat”
sh [ʃ] -like “sh” in “wish”
t [t̪] -like in “tower” but from the teeth like in Spanish
v [v] -like in “vet”
w [w] -like in “wet”
y [j] -like in “yet”
z [z] -like in “zoo”
zh [ʒ] -like “s” in “measure”
Double Consonants
ch [x] -guttural sound, like gargling in the back of the throat
dh [ð] -like “th” in “than”
gh [ɣ] -same guttural sound
ng [ŋ] -same as “ŋ’
th [θ] -like “th” in “thing”
a [a] -like in “hat”
e [e] -like in “they”
i [i] -“ee” in “free”
o [o] -like in “hot”
u [u] -like “oo” in “hoot”
Long Vowels
á [aː] all of these are twice as long as the short vowels
é [eː]
í [iː]
ó [oː]
ú [uː]
Double Vowels (Diphthongs)
aw [aw] -like “ow” in cow
ay [aj] -pronounced like I
ey [ej] -almost exactly like in “they”
oy [oj] -like “oy” in “boy”
Consonants
b [b] -like in “but”
c [k] -like “cat” always hard
d [d̪] -like in “dog” but from the teeth like in Spanish
f [f] -like in “fire”
g [g] -like in “got”
h [h] -like in “hard”
j [d͡ʒ] -like in “jug”
l [l] -like in “lug”
m [m] -like in “mat”
n [n̪] -like in “name” but from the teeth
ŋ [ŋ] -like “ng” in “wing”
q [q] -similar to [k] but more guttural
r [r] -always rolled
s [s] -like in “sat”
sh [ʃ] -like “sh” in “wish”
t [t̪] -like in “tower” but from the teeth like in Spanish
v [v] -like in “vet”
w [w] -like in “wet”
y [j] -like in “yet”
z [z] -like in “zoo”
zh [ʒ] -like “s” in “measure”
Double Consonants
ch [x] -guttural sound, like gargling in the back of the throat
dh [ð] -like “th” in “than”
gh [ɣ] -same guttural sound
ng [ŋ] -same as “ŋ’
th [θ] -like “th” in “thing”